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Characteristic of green sulfur bacteria, Chlorobium chlorochromatii and other species are strict anaerobes with anoxygenic photosynthesis, using bacteriochlorophylls a and c. They are non-motile and gram negative, and occur globally in a variety of freshwater habitats - especially the anoxic lower strata of lakes, absorbing low light intensity (1 to 10 nmol photons m−2 s−1) and low sulfide concentration (Garcia et al. 2021). C. chlorochromatii was isolated from a microbial consortium called C. aggregatum but is not an obligate symbiont. Electron donors can be sulfide, thiosulfate or elemental sulfur, terminally oxidized to sulfate (Imhoff 2003). C. limicola and C. tepidum grow in hot springs, some unidentified strains at temperatures up to 55 C (Castenholz et al. 1990). An example of a depth profile is from Cross Reservoir located on the University of Kansas Field Station, Lawrence Kansas USA that was anoxic from a depth of 4 m to 12 m (bottom sediment), 18 September 1996 (Chapin et al. 2004). Fluorescence profile indicates layers of Chlorobium aggregatum strata between 7 and 12 m depth.. Castenholz, R.W., J. Bauld and B.B. Jorgenson 1990. Anoxygenic microbial mats of hot springs: thermophilic Chlorobium sp.  FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 74(4):325–336. Chapin, B., F. DenNoyelles, D.W. Graham and V.H. Smith 2004. A deep maximum of green sulphur bacteria (Chlorochromatium aggregatum) in a strongly stratified reservoir. Freshwater Biology 49:1337–1354. Garcia, S.L., M. Mehrshad, M. Buck et al. 2001. Freshwater Chlorobia Exhibit Metabolic Specialization among Cosmopolitan and Endemic Populations. Environmental Microbiology (11 May 2021) Imhoff, J.f. 2003. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the family Chlorobiaceae on the basis of 16S rRNA and fmo (Fenna– Matthews–Olson protein) gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53:941–951. Wahlund, T.M., Woese, C.R., Castenholz, R.W. et al. 1991. A thermophilic green sulfur bacterium from New Zealand hot springs, Chlorobium tepidum sp. nov.. Arch. Microbiol. 156:81–90.
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